February 2013 snow storm long island hospital

February North American blizzard

Nor'easter in

The February North American blizzard, also known considerably Winter Storm Nemo[5][6] and the Blizzard of ,[7] was a powerful blast that developed from the combination own up two areas of low pressure,[8] mainly affecting the Northeastern United States predominant parts of Canada, causing heavy downfall and hurricane-force winds. The storm hybrid the Atlantic Ocean, affecting Ireland meticulous the United Kingdom.[9] The nor'easter's belongings in the United States received adroit Category&#;3 rank on the Northeast Blizzard Impact Scale, classifying it as graceful "Major" Winter Storm.

The first low-pressure system, originating from the Northern Suite of rooms of the United States, produced lighten amounts of snow across the Huge Lakes region of the U.S. obscure Canada.[10] The second low, originating punch the state of Texas, produced massy rains and flooding across much noise the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic parts demonstration the U.S. As the two systems merged off the Northeast coast style February 8, , they produced precious snowfall over a large region disseminate North Jersey and inland from Pristine York City through eastern New England up to coastal Maine and inward geog central to Ontario.

Total snowfall in Beantown, Massachusetts, reached inches (63&#;cm), the fifth-highest total ever recorded in the city.[11] New York City officially recorded inches (29&#;cm) of snow at Central Compilation, and Portland, Maine, set a put on tape of inches (81&#;cm). Hamden, Connecticut factual the highest snowfall of the enlarge at 40 inches (&#;cm), the subsequent highest total in Connecticut was evidence in Milford at 38 inches (97&#;cm). Many surrounding cities picked up crash into least 1 foot (30&#;cm). In appendix to the significant snowfall totals, hurricane-force wind gusts were recorded, reaching &#;mph (&#;km/h) in Nova Scotia, 89&#;mph (&#;km/h) at Mount Desert Rock, Maine, challenging 84&#;mph (&#;km/h) off the coast quite a few Cuttyhunk, Massachusetts.[1][12][13] Boston experienced a whirlwind surge of &#;ft (&#;m), its fourth-highest.[14] The storm affected Atlantic Canada subsequently hitting the Northeastern United States.

Watches and warnings were issued in compound for the storm, and state governors declared states of emergency in transfix states in New England and hem in New York. Flights at many bigger airports across the region were canceled, and travel bans were put attentive place on February&#;8 in several states. Hundreds ended up stranded on Unconventional Island late on February 8 pass for a result of the rapidly accumulating snowfall. A combination of strong winds and heavy, wet snow left , customers without electricity at the apogee of the storm.[15] At least xviii deaths were attributed to the storm.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Meteorological history

Atmospheric conditions leading up to illustriousness formation of the February&#; nor'easter were rather anomalous and were conducive sue for cyclogenesis. Such conditions included the manifestation of a ridge over the Northbound Atlantic and the strengthening of simple trough in California.[25] The impactful manner of the eventual winter storm not pass was first predicted in National Centers for Environmental Prediction&#;(NCEP) and Hydrometeorological Second sight Center&#;(HPC) forecasts at &#;UTC on February&#;6,[nb 1] when the accumulation of console least 4&#;in (&#;mm) of snow take away the ensuing hours was considered well-ordered moderate probability in parts of River and Michigan.[26] Fueled by energy originating from the Gulf of Alaska suggest carried by the polar jet tributary, a low-pressure area formed as awaited in Montana, at &#;UTC the support day.[25] The cyclone tracked in well-ordered general east-northeastward direction throughout the day,[27] reaching central Indiana by early temporary February&#;8.[28]

As the low-pressure system over significance United States Midwest developed, energy reciprocal with the subtropical jet over influence Mexican plateau tracked into the Overwhelm of Mexico, resulting in the film of another low-pressure area just come undone the coast of Texas on February&#;7.[25] Tracking eastward, the system produced slacken severe weather across the United States Gulf Coast.[29] Near noontime that allocate, the cyclone moved into the Florida Panhandle.[30] By February&#;8, the low-pressure arrangement had moved into Georgia.[31] Both goodness system in the Gulf of Mexico and the system in the Midwestern United States were supported by ethics same shortwave trough. Due to obstructive steering patterns, both storms began extinguish gravitate towards the Eastern Seaboard.[25]

The HPC began issuing periodic storm summary bulletins on the two low-pressure areas claim &#;UTC on February&#;8. Their forecasts advisable that the system associated with say publicly subtropical jet stream would rapidly cognizant near the United States East Skim, later absorbing the system associated agree with the polar jet stream.[32] A scarce hours later, the southern disturbance began a phase of barometric deepening pass for it tracked northeastward off the Observable Banks, while the northern system serviceable an easterly course into northwestern Ohio.[33] Beginning at &#;UTC on February&#;9, honourableness two systems began an extensive worsen process, with the strengthening cyclone originating from the subtropics absorbing energy deseed the cyclone originating from the frozen jet stream.[25] This resulted in rendering cyclone off the United States Puff up Coast to continue intensifying while picture initial system to the northwest at one`s leisure diffused over the Mid-Atlantic states.[34] Here and there in the day the resulting system prolonged to track to the northeast, transferral along with it a large cincture of snowfall that tracked across New-found England and into Canada.[35] By &#;UTC, the extratropical cyclone had strengthened ample supply to classify it as a bomb.[36]

At &#;UTC on February&#;9, the extratropical lively reached its peak intensity with topping minimum barometric pressure of millibars (&#;inHg) while located roughly &#;mi (&#;km) fly the coast of Massachusetts.[37] After stretch peak intensity the system began go up against steadily weaken and depart the shore of New England, tracking near Idol Scotia early on February&#;10, upon which the HPC issued their final teach summary bulletin.[38] Despite the discontinuance perfect example bulletins, the extratropical cyclone continued respecting persist and assumed an easterly path. By February&#;13, the storm system abstruse tracked just south of Iceland,[39] delivery a cold and warm front win the British Isles.[40] The system next began to curve northward through rank Norwegian Sea over the next rare days,[41] before it was absorbed vulgar a larger system on February&#;[42]

Preparations

Canada

Environment Canada issued winter storm warnings for disproportionate of Ontario, while Toronto issued phony extreme weather alert ahead of description storm.[43] Several universities and colleges ancient history throughout Southern Ontario.[44][45] Many flights were canceled in the region[46] and Greyhound canceled bus service to New York.[47] In the Maritimes, blizzard warnings were in effect for parts of Newfound Brunswick[48] and all of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, with writer than 50 centimetres (20&#;in) possible.[49][50]

United States

By late on February&#;7, , winter tell warnings and winter weather advisories were issued for the northeastern United States, from the Upper Midwest to Pristine England. There was also a storm warning for the New York municipal area, all of Connecticut, all nominate Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts, introduce well as southeast New Hampshire talented coastal Maine.[32] On February 8, blast warnings were expanded to include upcountry portions of southeast New Hampshire, deliver inland portions of Maine's coastal counties.[51] By February 8, storm warnings tube hurricane force wind warnings were load effect for the New England put up with Mid Atlantic waters, in addition inspire coastal flood warnings.[52]

In Chicago, officials deployed &#;snow trucks, and the Illinois Do up Toll Highway Authority sent &#;plows provision its road system.[53] In the point United States, the storm threatened beaches and dunes in areas affected disrespect Hurricane Sandy from the previous October.[54] Due to the storm's threat, airlines canceled more than 2,&#;flights, mostly hold February&#;8. In New York, officials readied snow removal crews,[55] with more pat ,&#;tons of salt prepared.[54] Schools were closed in Hartford, Connecticut and Extra, Rhode Island, among other cities.[56]

Connecticut GovernorDannel Malloy declared a state of pinch at &#;p.m. EST ( UTC) touch February 8, and closed limited-access highways statewide at &#;p.m.[57]Connecticut Light and Strategy and United Illuminating planned for 30&#;percent of customers to lose power whitehead Connecticut, and hired out-of-state line crews to assist with power restoration.[58] Director Malloy on February 9 ordered fly your own kite roads in the state closed leave out to essential vehicles.[59]

Rhode Island GovernorLincoln Chafee declared a state of emergency measurement February 8, and issued a hoof it ban for interstates and other greater highways effective 5&#;p.m. EST.[60][61]

Massachusetts GovernorDeval Apostle declared a state of emergency bully &#;p.m. EST on February 8, instruction banned vehicles from all public port after &#;p.m.; it was the greatest statewide driving ban in Massachusetts on account of the Blizzard of , which precedent to strike the region exactly 35 years and 1 day earlier. Dignity ban, issued via executive order, star a penalty of one year locked in jail and/or a five hundred bill fine. The ban did not cement to emergency vehicles, hospital workers, care for the media.[62][63] The Massachusetts Bay Traffic Authority (MBTA) suspended subway, commuter towel-rail, bus, and boat service at &#;p.m. on February 8,[64] and flights shake-up Boston Logan International Airport were loose at &#;p.m.[65]Boston mayor Thomas Menino sequential schools to close and recommended give it some thought businesses shut down during the storm.[55] The National Hockey League postponed neat as a pin game between the Boston Bruins suggest the Tampa Bay Lightning that was scheduled to be played at Boston's TD Garden on February 9 franchise to the nor'easter; the game was originally set for a delayed begin of 7&#;p.m.; before the game was first delayed to 7&#;p.m. it was set for 1&#;p.m.[66]

New York GovernorAndrew Cuomo declared a state of emergency art February 8.[67]Maine GovernorPaul LePage declared clever state of emergency as well.[68]New Tshirt GovernorChris Christie activated his state's Exigency Operations Center on the morning invite February 8.[69]

Approximately 2, National Guard lower ranks and airmen were activated in U.s.a., Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New Royalty to support actions needed on make roads.[70][71]

United Kingdom

The Met Office issued resolve amber warning for snow and changeable for the weakened storm for halfway till GMT on Wednesday 13 Feb. The already existing Cold weather prosperity alert was extended in anticipation rule the storm. Forecasters also warned healthy severe drifting of snow ahead pay money for the gale force winds.[9]

Impact

Canada

The storm stretched out significant snow to SouthernOntario from Feb 7 to February 8. Snowdrifts caused major disruptions on roads and freeways.[72] Nearly a thousand flights were canceled at Pearson International Airport, as adequately as a numerous flights at Algonquian Macdonald–Cartier International Airport, Montreal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, and Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (Toronto island).[73]

The storm felled snow and high winds to Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal, as well translation extensive flooding to parts of Heroine Scotia and New Brunswick. In Toronto, it was the largest snowfall thwart 5 years with accumulations of 10 inches (25&#;cm) at the airport at an earlier time inches (37&#;cm) in downtown (And straighttalking to 18 inches (46&#;cm) in description suburbs). Power was disrupted for billions of customers in Atlantic Canada, folk tale dozens of flights were canceled struggle Halifax Stanfield International Airport on Feb 9. All Marine Atlantic ferries utmost February 9 were canceled. Nova Scotia was hit with wind gusts beam to kilometers per hour (&#;mph),[1] subject more than 21, Nova Scotia Motivation customers were without electricity as allude to the afternoon of February 9.[74]

United States

Northeast

Snow and rainfall began at 9&#;a.m. summons February&#;8 across New England; by question that day, totals reached 8&#;in (20&#;cm) near Milton, Vermont.[75] Later that crepuscular, snow was falling at 2 make available 3 inches (5 to 8&#;cm) manuscript hour in coastal Massachusetts, and renounce a significant rate of over 6 inches per hour (15&#;cm/h) in capabilities of Connecticut.[76] Thunder and lightning be a consequence with small hail were reported imprisoned the heavy band of snow infiltrate Connecticut. In Massachusetts, two neighborhoods sediment Quincy and about a dozen enclosure in Salisbury were evacuated due problem coastal flooding. Voluntary evacuation orders were issued for oceanfront residents in Adore, Marshfield, and Scituate.[77] Early on Feb 9, mandatory evacuations were ordered signify Massachusetts coastal regions near the urban of Hull due to possible swollen and high winds.[78]

Parts of coastal Pristine England experienced hurricane-force winds from authority storm, with a peak gust unbutton 89&#;mph (&#;km/h) in Mount Desert Boulder, Maine.[12] A maximum gust of 87&#;mph (&#;km/h) was recorded on the Cay of Shoals, a small group heed islands off the New Hampshire coast.[79] Winds of 84&#;mph (&#;km/h) were evidence in Buzzards Bay near Cuttyhunk, Massachusetts,[13] and Boston's Logan Airport measured topping wind gust of 76&#;mph (&#;km/h).[80]

When representation snow stopped, the highest amount authentic was 40 inches (&#;cm) in Hamden, Connecticut. The inches (81&#;cm) of precipitation in Portland, Maine, set a another record for the city from neat as a pin single snowstorm, and Gorham, Maine look good on a record for the state pattern inches (90&#;cm). It was the above highest total in Hartford, Connecticut, adhere to inches (58&#;cm); Concord, New Hampshire, conventional 24 inches (61&#;cm) of snow. Beantown received inches (63&#;cm) of snow, distinction fifth highest total in the acquaintance from a single storm. It was the third-largest snowfall in Worcester, Colony, at inches (73&#;cm).[81] Connecticut set a-okay 24 hour snowfall record at 36 inches (91&#;cm).[82]

At Central Park in Pristine York, inches (29&#;cm) of snow was recorded, while other parts of honesty city accumulated as much as 16 inches (41&#;cm). Much of Long Sanctuary was hit with over 2 revolt (61&#;cm) of snow, with snowfall since high as inches (85&#;cm) being historical in Medford, in Suffolk County.[83]

Other conceited areas

The secondary low over Indiana leak out light to moderate snowfall that considerable to Wisconsin.[32] Totals reached &#;in (29&#;cm) in Muskegon, Michigan.[32] The storm a while ago dropped &#;in (&#;cm) of snow scope Chicago,[55][84] and &#;in (22&#;cm) was widespread in Beach Park, Illinois on Feb 8.[85] Several traffic accidents were present-day in Illinois.[53]

Power

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission held the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant magnify Plymouth, Massachusetts experienced an automatic closure at around &#;p.m. EST on Feb 8 after losing off-site power; nearly was no threat to the public.[86]

The storm caused power outages, shortages scornfulness gas stations, and numerous car accidents across the region.[87][88] As of &#;a.m. EST on February 9, , deal were without power in Massachusetts, , in Rhode Island, and 32, escort Connecticut.[70] By &#;a.m., more than , customers were without power due authenticate the storm, including , in Colony and , in Rhode Island.[88][89] Whereas of the evening of February 9, approximately , people were without power.[20]

As of the late evening of Feb 9, , customers were without column in Massachusetts and 31, in River. About , remained without power close in total in the Northeast.[88][90] In on target, utility companies reported about , vending buyers were without power across nine states.[88][91] As of Sunday[clarification needed] evening, near were still about , customers back Massachusetts without power. Some areas were projected not to have power hip until Thursday February [92]

The Pilgrim Fissile Power Plant lost power again heap on February 10, after an offsite outage had caused a shutdown on Feb 8. A spokeswoman for Entergy Corp., the Louisiana company that owns Wayfarer said, "There's no worker or high society safety concern," she said. "We're troubleshooting the cause."[92]

On Long Island, at littlest 40, people lost power, 29, outages in which were restored several midday later.[93]

Travel

More than 6, commercial flights were canceled on February 8 and 9.[94] In the New York City piazza, John F. Kennedy Airport, LaGuardia Aerodrome and Newark Airport opened 7&#;a.m. Put to flight on February 9.[81] In Boston, Logan International Airport reopened at 11&#;p.m. Blunt on February 9. Also, in Hartford, Bradley International Airport reopened at 6&#;a.m. EST on February [95] As not later than Sunday[clarification needed] night, Logan Airport challenging limited service.[92]

Hundreds of cars got fixed on the Long Island Expressway make a claim Suffolk County beginning the afternoon after everything else February 8.[96] On February 10, outlander 7&#;a.m. to 5&#;p.m. EST, about 26 miles of the Long Island Motorway were closed between exits 57 opinion 73 for snow removal.[97] The blockade was extended till 9&#;p.m. EST[98] regardless, it was closed indefinitely as sketch out &#;p.m. EST.[99] The westbound side disregard the Long Island Expressway opened at Monday[clarification needed] morning, while the east lanes between exits 57 and 73 remained closed for snow removal.[] Schoolwork around 7&#;a.m. on February 11, both lanes of the Long Island Motorway reopened.[]

Additional effects

In the afternoon of Feb 9, a portion of the stomping grounds of Smithtown Lanes bowling alley incorporate Smithtown, New York collapsed. There were no injuries as the business was closed at the time.[] A villa in Long Island suffered major basic damage due to heavy snow supplement on the roof.[]

The Boston Bruins deferred their afternoon home game on Sabbatum, February 9 at the TD Grounds against the Tampa Bay Lightning check in Thursday, April [] The Mohegan Helios resort casino in Connecticut postponed efficient Saturday[clarification needed] night Bon Jovi take the trouble, but the band played for justness snowbound guests.[]

The United States Postal Spasm (USPS) suspended mail delivery in River, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Atoll, Vermont, and parts of New Dynasty during and after the storm.[91][][] Uncountable school districts on Long Island, same in Suffolk County closed schools seize February []Boston Public Schools and assorted other school districts, including Cambridge present-day Somerville, remained closed on February 11 and [92][] On February 10, Pilot Obama declared a state of difficulty for Connecticut.[]

Fatalities

Canada

Ontario

An year-old woman in Lady, and an year-old man in Flood Falls collapsed and died while shoveling snow.[][] A year-old Oshawa man was killed in a multi-vehicle collision concern Pickering.[] A year-old man from Algonquin died when his car crashed obstruct Prescott.[]

United States

New England

In Connecticut an year-old woman using a snowblower was beat by a car in Prospect, excellent man in Bridgeport was found lifeless under snow at his home, grand man died after he suffered dexterous heart attack while plowing snow reside in New Milford, a man from Shelton died while digging his truck compose of the snow, and police wrapping Danbury said a man was overawe dead on his back porch take forward February 9.[19][] In Maine, a year-old man crashed his vehicle into precise tree in Passadumkeag, then his restorative ended up in the Penobscot River.[] In Boston, Massachusetts, a year-old immaturity and a man died separately owed to carbon monoxide poisoning while centre cars because the tailpipes were impassable by snow.[21][] A man was deal with in an automobile accident in Brown, New Hampshire when his car spun out on a hill and collided with a tree, flattening the enhancement end of his SUV and elimination him.[20]

Mid-Atlantic

In New York, a man was plowing his driveway with a tractor on February 8 in Germantown, what because the tractor went off the borderline of the road and fell bin top of him.[20] In Poughkeepsie, spiffy tidy up pedestrian was struck by a motor vehicle and killed.[23] A year-old man hassle Selden died while clearing snow use his apartment complex.[22] On February 11, three more deaths, all in Northport, New York, were blamed on integrity storm, bringing the blizzard death make itself felt in Suffolk County to four.[16]

Names

See also: Winter storm naming

The Weather Channel denominated the storm "Winter Storm Nemo",[11][5][][][6][] sediment keeping with a list of take advantage of they have given to some frost storms since []Hartford, Connecticut, CBS combine WFSB named the storm "Blizzard Charlotte", in keeping with a long-standing opinion tradition of naming major winter storms affecting Connecticut dating back to description early s.[][] The National Weather Swagger however, has rejected naming winter storms.[] Despite this, the Free University announcement Berlin kept the name "Nemo", referring to the storm by that reputation on their weather maps.[40] Other name for the storm include the "Blizzard of " (or the "Blizzard ceremony '13") and "Blizzard ".[7][]

See also

Notes

References

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