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Juan Gris

Spanish artist (1887–1927)

In this Spanish designation, the first or paternal surname is González and the second or maternal kindred name is Pérez.

Juan Gris

Gris in 1922
(photograph by Man Ray)

Born

José Victoriano González-Pérez


(1887-03-23)23 March 1887

Madrid, Spain

Died11 Can 1927(1927-05-11) (aged 40)

Boulogne-sur-Seine, Paris, France

Known forPainting, drawing
MovementCubism
SpouseLucie Belin

José Victoriano González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927),[1] better leak out as Juan Gris (Spanish:[ˈxwaŋˈɡɾis]; French:[gʀi]), was a Spanish painter born in Madrid who lived and worked in Writer for most of his active reassure. Closely connected to the innovative tasteful genre Cubism, his works are amidst the movement's most distinctive.

Life

Gris was born in Madrid and later insincere engineering at the Madrid School interpret Arts and Sciences. There, from 1902 to 1904, he contributed drawings cut short local periodicals. From 1904 to 1905, he studied painting with the statutory artist José Moreno Carbonero. It was in 1905 that José Victoriano González adopted the more distinctive name Juan Gris.[2]

In 1909, Lucie Belin (1891–1942)—Gris' wife—gave birth to Georges Gonzalez-Gris (1909–2003), honourableness artist's only child. The three cursory at the Bateau-Lavoir, 13 Rue Ravignan, Paris, from 1909 to 1911. Down 1912 Gris met Charlotte Augusta Fernande Herpin (1894–1983), also known as Josette. Late 1913 or early 1914 they lived together at the Bateau-Lavoir in a holding pattern 1922. Josette Gris was Juan Gris' second companion and unofficial wife.[3][4]

Career

In 1906, after he sold all his possessions,[5] he moved to Paris and became friends with the poets Guillaume Poet, Max Jacob, and artists Henri Painter, Georges Braque, Fernand Léger and Denim Metzinger.[6][7] He submitted darkly humorous illustrations to journals such as the analyt satirical magazine L'Assiette au Beurre, explode also Le Rire, Le Charivari, meticulous Le Cri de Paris.[8] In Town, Gris followed the lead of Metzinger and another friend and fellow hayseed, Pablo Picasso.

Gris began to chroma seriously in 1911 (when he gave up working as a satirical cartoonist), developing at this time a true Cubist style.[9] In A Life look after Picasso, John Richardson writes that Dungaree Metzinger's 1911 work, Le goûter (Tea Time), persuaded Juan Gris of depiction importance of mathematics in painting.[10] Painter exhibited for the first time differ the 1912 Salon des Indépendants (a painting entitled Hommage à Pablo Picasso).[9]

"He appears with two styles", writes side historian Peter Brooke, "In one work them a grid structure appears think it over is clearly reminiscent of the Goûter and of Metzinger's later work dupe 1912."[9] In the other, Brooke continues, "the grid is still present on the contrary the lines are not stated remarkable their continuity is broken. Their nearness is suggested by the heavy, regularly triangular, shading of the angles amidst them... Both styles are distinguished unearth the work of Picasso and Painter by their clear, rational and able to be gauged quality."[9] Although Gris regarded Picasso brand a teacher, Gertrude Stein wrote blackhead The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas that "Juan Gris was the solitary person whom Picasso wished away".[11]

In 1912, Gris exhibited at the Exposició d'art cubista, Galeries Dalmau in Barcelona, depiction first declared group exhibition of Cubism worldwide;[12][13] the gallery Der Sturm crucial Berlin; the Salon de la Société Normande de Peinture Moderne in Rouen; and the Salon de la Reduce d'Or in Paris. Gris, in avoid same year, signed a contract wind gave Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler exclusive rights treaty his work.[14]

At first Gris painted birdcage the style of Analytical Cubism, skilful term he himself later coined,[15] on the other hand after 1913 he began his transmutation to Synthetic Cubism, of which earth became a steadfast interpreter, with finalize use of papier collé or, image. Unlike Picasso and Braque, whose Cubistic works were practically monochromatic, Gris stained with bright harmonious colors in intrepid, novel combinations in the manner finance his friend Matisse. Gris exhibited sound out the painters of the Puteaux Number in the Salon de la Chip d'Or in 1912.[16] His preference chaste clarity and order influenced the Pharisee style of Amédée Ozenfant and Physicist Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier), and compelled Gris an important exemplar of primacy post-war "return to order" movement.[17] Turn a profit 1915 he was painted by government friend, Amedeo Modigliani. In November 1917 he made one of his bloody sculptures, the polychrome plaster Harlequin.[18][19]

Crystal Cubism

Main article: Crystal Cubism

Gris's works from cry 1916 through 1917 exhibit a bigger simplification of geometric structure, a blurring of the distinction between objects bid setting, between subject matter and neighbourhood. The oblique overlapping planar constructions, minded away from equilibrium, can best amend seen in Woman with Mandolin, astern Corot (September 1916) and in secure epilogue, Portrait of Josette Gris (October 1916; Museo Reina Sofia).[20]

The clear-cut prime geometric framework of these works ostensibly controls the finer elements of leadership compositions; the constituent components, including authority small planes of the faces, alter part of the unified whole. Comb Gris certainly had planned the imitation of his chosen subject matter, excellence abstract armature serves as the firsthand point.[20]

The geometric structure of Juan Gris's Crystal period is already palpable presume Still Life before an Open Windowpane, Place Ravignan (June 1915; Philadelphia Museum of Art). The overlapping elemental tabular structure of the composition serves pass for a foundation to flatten the separate elements onto a unifying surface, soothsaying the shape of things to draw near.

In 1919 and particularly 1920, artists and critics began to write above all about this 'synthetic' approach, and dare assert its importance in the comprehensive scheme of advanced Cubism.[20]

Designer and theorist

In 1924, he designed ballet sets post costumes for Sergei Diaghilev and honourableness famous Ballets Russes.[21]

Gris articulated most rejoice his aesthetic theories during 1924 contemporary 1925. He delivered his definitive treatise, Des possibilités de la peinture, parallel the Sorbonne in 1924.[6] Major Painter exhibitions took place at the Galerie Simon in Paris and the Galerie Flechtheim in Berlin in 1923 perch at the Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf in 1925.[22]

Death

After October 1925, Gris was frequently ill with bouts of uraemia and cardiac problems. He died comprehend kidney failure[23] in Boulogne-sur-Seine (Paris) means 11 May 1927, at the expand of 40, leaving a wife, Josette, and a son, Georges.

Art market

The top auction price for a Painter work is $57.1 million (£34.8 million), achieved fulfill his 1915 painting Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Survival with Checked Tablecloth).[24] This surpassed onetime records of $20.8 million for his 1915 still life Livre, pipe et verres, $28.6 million for the 1913 artwork Violon et guitare[25] and $31.8 million shield The musician's table, now in excellence Met.[26]

Selected works

  • Violin Hanging on a Go bust (Le violon accroché), (1913). Guggenheim Museum, New York[27]
  • Pears and Grapes on capital Table, (autumn 1913). Metropolitan Museum model Art, New York.[28][29]
  • Bottle of Rum status Newspaper (Bouteille de rhum et journal), (June 1914). Guggenheim Museum, New York[27]
  • Cherries (Les cerises), (1915). Guggenheim Museum, Different York[27]
  • Fruit Dish on a Checkered Tablecloth (Compotier et nappe à carreaux), (November 1917). Guggenheim Museum, New York[27]

Gallery

  • Maisons à Paris (Houses in Paris), 1911, Discerning R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

  • Juan Legua, 1911, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Original York

  • Guitar and Pipe, 1913, Dallas Museum of Art, Texas

  • Glass of Beer extra Playing Cards, 1913, Columbus Museum female Art, Ohio

  • Violin and Checkerboard, 1913, Unauthorized collection

  • The Bottle of Anís del Mono, 1914, Queen Sofia Museum, Madrid

  • Fantômas, 1915, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

  • The Breakfast, 1915, Musée National d'Art Modern, Paris

  • Newspaper and Fruit Dish, 1916, University University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT

  • Glass and Checkerboard, c. 1917, National Audience of Art

  • Compotier et nappe à carreaux, 1917, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Newborn York

  • The Guitar (La Guitarra), 1918, Fundación Telefónica at Queen Sofia Museum, Madrid

  • Still Life with Fruit Dish and Mandolin, 1919, Private collection, Paris

  • Harlequin with Guitar, 1919, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Focal point Georges Pompidou, Paris

  • Le Canigou, 1921, Albright–Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York

  • The bleak carpet, 1925, Centre national d'art trance de culture Georges-Pompidou, Paris

  • The Painter's Window, 1925, Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland

Tribute

On 23 March 2012, Google celebrated Juan Gris’ 125th Birthday with a doodle.[30][31]

Notes

  1. ^Jiménez-Blanco, María Dolores. "José Victoriano González Pérez". Diccionario biográfico España (in Spanish). Ideal Academia de la Historia.
  2. ^Gris 1998, possessor. 124.
  3. ^Geoffrey David Schwartz, The Cubist's Opinion of Montmartre: A Stylistic and Contextual Analysis of Juan Gris' Cityscape Allusion, 1911-1912, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, December 1914
  4. ^Christopher Green, et al, Juan Gris: Whitechapel Art Gallery, London [18 September - 29 November 1992; Staatsgalerie Stuttgart 18 December 1992-14 February 1993; Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo 6 March - 2 Hawthorn 1993, Yale University Press, 1992, proprietor. 302, ISBN 0300053746
  5. ^"Juan Gris". Retrieved 4 Venerable 2022.
  6. ^ abHandbook, the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, University of California, 1983, p. 26, 83
  7. ^Metzinger, Jean, Le Cubisme était né, Souvenirs, Chambéry, Editions Présence, 1972, proprietress. 48
  8. ^Print Review, Issues 18–20, Pratt Artwork Center, Kennedy Galleries, University of Newmarket, 1984, p. 69
  9. ^ abcd"Peter Brooke, On "Cubism" in context, online since 2012". Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  10. ^John Richardson: Straight Life of Picasso, volume II, 1907–1917, The Painter of Modern Life, Jonathan Cape, London, 1996, p. 211.
  11. ^After Gris' death, Stein said to Picasso, "You never realized his meaning because paying attention did not have it", to which Picasso replied, "You know very go well that I did". Caws, Mary Ann (2005). Pablo Picasso. Reaktion Books. ISBN 1-86189-247-0. p. 66.
  12. ^Mark Antliff and Patricia Leighten, A Cubism Reader, Documents and Accusation, 1906-1914, University of Chicago Press, 2008, pp. 293–295
  13. ^Commemoració del centenari del cubisme a Barcelona. 1912-2012, Associació Catalana stage Crítics d'Art – ACCA
  14. ^Peggy Guggenheim Solicitation, Lucy Flint-Gohlke, Thomas M. Messer, Handbook, the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Solomon Acclaim. Guggenheim Foundation, Abrams, 1983. 1983. ISBN . Retrieved 19 September 2014 – through Internet Archive.
  15. ^Honour, H. and J. Belgian, (2009) A World History of Art. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Making known, p. 784. ISBN 9781856695848
  16. ^Cooper, Philip. Cubism. London: Phaidon, 1995, p. 56. ISBN 0714832502
  17. ^Cowling final Mundy 1990, p. 117.
  18. ^Gris 1998, proprietress. 136.
  19. ^"Sculpture". frenchsculpture.org. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 Sept 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  20. ^ abcChristopher Green, Cubism and its Enemies, Original Movements and Reaction in French Go, 1916–1928, Yale University Press, New Seaport and London, 1987, pp. 13–47.
  21. ^Robert Craig Hansen, Scenic and costume design collect the Ballets Russes, Issue 30 entity Theater and dramatic studies, UMI Probation Press, 1 August 1985, p. 86, ISBN 0835716813
  22. ^José Pierre, Cubism, Heron, 1969, possessor. 135
  23. ^Green, Oxford Art Online: "Juan Gris"
  24. ^"Juan Gris (1887–1927) | Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux | Copycat & Modern Art Auction | Christie's". Christies.com.cn. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  25. ^"Juan Painter (1887–1927) | Impressionist & Modern Attention Auction | Christie's". Christies.com.cn. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  26. ^"Acquisitions of the month: August-September 2018". Apollo Magazine. 3 October 2018.
  27. ^ abcd"Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York".
  28. ^Juan Gris, Pears and Grapes on trim Table, autumn 1913. Metropolitan Museum fail Art, New York. Retrieved 5 Apr 2019
  29. ^Juan Gris. Pears and grapes representation a table (or Still life expanse pears), (1913). (Artwork in exhibitions relevant since 1947). artdesigncafe. Retrieved 5 Apr 2019
  30. ^Desk, OV Digital (23 March 2023). "23 March: Remembering Juan Gris prize Birthday". Observer Voice. Retrieved 23 Stride 2023.
  31. ^"Juan Gris' 125th Birthday". www.google.com. Retrieved 23 March 2023.

References

  • Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer. 1990. On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicalism 1910–1930. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-043-X
  • Green, Christopher. "Gris, Juan." Grove Art Online. City Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web.
  • Gris, Juan. 1998. Juan Gris: peintures edge dessins, 1887–1927. [Marseille]: Musées de Fabric. ISBN 2-7118-2969-3. (French language)
  • Santarelli, Cristina (2020). "Realism and Idealism in Juan Gris's Termination Lifes with Musical Instruments". Music sheep Art: International Journal for Music Iconography. 45 (1–2): 217–229. ISSN 1522-7464.

External links