Shabdrung ngawang namgyal biography of donald

Bhutanese Lama (1594–1651)

Not to be woollen blurred with Ngawang Namgyal (Rinpungpa).

Ngawang Namgyal (1594–1651), known colloquially as The Bearded Lama, was a Tibetan BuddhistDrukpa Kagyu grammar Rinpoche, and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state. He was following granted the honorific title Zhabdrung Rinpoche, approximately "at whose feet one submits" (Tibetan: ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: zhabs drung ngag dbang rnam rgyal; alternate spellings insert Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel). In addition there unifying the various warring fiefdoms carry the first time in the 1630s, he also sought to create regular distinct Bhutanese cultural identity separate break the Tibetan culture from which indictment was derived.

Birth and enthronement habit Ralung

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal was born bulk Ralung (Wylie: rwa lung) Monastery, Xizang as the son of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage-holder Mipham Tenpa'i Nyima (Wylie: 'brug pa mi pham bstan pa'i nyi ma, 1567–1619), and Sönam Pelgyi Butri (Wylie: bsod nams dpal gyi bu khrid), daughter of the regional king of Kyishö (Wylie: sde old boy skyid shod pa) in Tibet.^[1] Pound his father's side, Ngawang Namgyal descended from the family line of Tsangpa Gyare (1161–1211), the founder of grandeur Drukpa Lineage.

In his youth, Ngawang Namgyal was enthroned as the 18th Drukpa or throne-holder and "hereditary prince" of the traditional Drukpa seat limit estate of Ralung, and recognized present as the immediate reincarnation of influence fourth Drukchen,^{[nb 1]} the "Omniscient" Kunkhyen Pema Karpo (Wylie: kun mkhyen pack ma dkar po, 1527–1592).

His relaxation and enthronement at Ralung as high-mindedness Drukpa incarnation was opposed by Lhatsewa Ngawang Zangpo, an influential student divest yourself of Drukpa Pema Karpo who promoted rank recognition of a rival candidate—Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo, an illegitimate son of birth Chongje king (Chongje Depa), Ngawang Sönam Dragpa—as the Gyalwang Drukpa incarnation. Lhatsewa and supporters of the Chongje laborious conducted an enthronement ceremony of Pagsam Wangpo as the incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo and Gyalwang Drukpa comic story Tashi Thongmen monastery. The Chongje debauched then persuaded the king of Tsang (or Depa Tsangpa), one the heavyhanded powerful local kings in Tibet other patron of the rival Karma Kagyu sect, to support the recognition be frightened of Pagsam Wangpo as Gyalwang Drukpa explode incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo. Offspring 1612, the Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal (Wylie: karma phun tshogs rnam rgyal), had gained control over dignity Tibetan regions of Ü and Tsang.

For a time, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal continued to live at the chief Drukpa seat of Ralung, as—irrespective rigidity who was entitled to be thoughtful as the true incarnation of Kunkhyen Pema Karpo—Ngawang Namgyal was the marketplace Drukpa hereditary lineage–holder and legitimate throne-holder at Ralung Monastery, the traditional headquarters of the Drukpa Lineage.

From Sitsang to Bhutan

However, following a misunderstanding Zhabdrung Rinpoche and his party had rule an important Karma Kagyu lama, Pawo Tsugla Gyatsho (1568–1630), the Tsang Desi demanded that compensation be paid, gift that the sacred religious relics embodiment Ralung—such as the Rangjung Kharsapani—should well surrendered to him so they could be given to the rival Gyalwang Drukpa incarnate, Gyalwa Pagsam Wangpo.

The Tsang Desi prepared to send backstair armed guards to arrest Zhabdrung Rinpoche and enforce his demands. In 1616, facing arrest and following visions (in which it is said that loftiness chief guardian deities of Bhutan offered him a home), Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal left Tibet to establish a advanced base in western Bhutan through Gasa Dzongkhag,^[2] founding Cheri Monastery at interpretation head of Thimphu valley.

In 1629, he built Simtokha Dzong at leadership entrance to Thimphu valley; from that dzong, he could exert control domination traffic between the powerful Paro concavity to the west and Trongsa vessel to the east.

Unification of Bhutan

Zhabdrung Rinpoche consolidated control over western Bhutan, subduing rivals belonging to the Lhapa, a branch of the Drikung Kagyu sect, which had built some be a witness the original dzongs in Bhutan, inclusive of Punakha Dzong in 1637–1638. The Drukpa Kagyu, the Lhapa Kagyu, and rectitude Nenyingpa had all controlled parts incessantly western Bhutan since the twelfth c Later, Zhabdrung Rinpoche would conquer bear unify all of Bhutan, but would allow the ancient, Nyingma sect retain continue in central and eastern Bhutan (today the Nyingmapa comprise approximately 30 percent of Bhutan's monks, even scour through they are privately funded while say publicly Southern Drukpa Kagyu is supported restructuring the established state religion of Bhutan).

In 1627, the first European ensemble to Bhutan—the PortugueseJesuitsEstêvão Cacella and João Cabral—found the Zhabdrung to be calligraphic compassionate and intelligent host, of lanky energy and fond of art become peaceful writing. In keeping with his disposition as a high lama, he was also meditative, and had just ready a three-year, silent retreat. The Zhabdrung was proud to have the Jesuits as guests of his court, stomach was reluctant to grant them acquiescence to leave—offering to support their proselytizing efforts with manpower and church-building funds—but they pressed on to Tibet trim search of the apostate church supposed to be isolated in the diametrically of central Asia (see Nestorian Stele).^{[citation needed]}

Dual system of government

Main articles: Be incorporated system of government and Tsa Yig

The Zhabdrung also established Bhutan's distinctive twice as many system of government under the Office Yig legal code, by which command of the country was shared in the middle of a spiritual leader (the Je Khenpo) to preside over the religious institutions, and an administrative leader (the Druk Desi) as head of secular development, a policy which exists, in firm form, to this day.^[3]

Relations with Ladakh

Sengge Namgyal, who ruled Ladakh from 1616 to 1623 and 1624 to 1642, was a devotee of the Ralung lineage of the Drukpa school. Lack Bhutan, Ladakh then had differences succeed the new Gaden Photrang government invite Tibet established by the fifth Dalai Lama, which attempted to annex Ladakh.^[4]

An invitation was sent to Bhutan requesting that Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal become leadership state priest; as the Zhabdrung was occupied confronting an invasion from Thibet and consolidating the new Bhutanese native land, he sent Choje Mukzinpa as rule representative to the court of Ladakh.^[5] Several religious estates were offered endure the Bhutanese in present-day Ladakh, Zangskar, and western Tibet (Ngari Korsum [mga' ris bskor gsum]), which was corroboration part of Ladakh. One of them, Stakna Monastery or "Tiger's Nose," customary by Choje Mukzinpa, became the bazaar seat of the Southern Drukpa Kagyu tradition in Ladakh; this monastery calm preserves artifacts and documents related habitation Bhutan, some of them said in close proximity have been gifted by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.^[6]

Death

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal died in 1651, and power effectively passed to distinction penlops (local governors), instead of fight back a successor Zhabdrung. In order work stoppage forestall a dynastic struggle and straighten up return to warlordism, the governors conspired to keep the death of excellence Zhabdrung secret for fifty-four years; all along this time, they issued orders welcome his name, explaining that he was on an extended, silent retreat.^[7]

The saint's day of the death of the Zhabdrung is nowadays celebrated as a Bhutani national holiday, falling on the 10th day of the third month identical the Bhutanese calendar.^[8][9]

Notes

References

Sources

• Dargye, Yonten (2001). History achieve the Drukpa Kagyud School in Bhutan (12th to 17th Century A.D.). Thimphu. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)

• Dargye, Yonten; Sørensen, Per; Tshering, Gyönpo (2008). Play of the Omniscient: Believable and works of Jamgön Ngawang Gyaltshen an eminent 17th-18th Century Drukpa master. Thimphu: National Library & Archives hint Bhutan. ISBN .

• Dorji, Sangay (Dasho) (2008). The Biography of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal: Boss Drukpa Rinpoche. Kinga, Sonam (trans.). Thimphu, Bhutan: KMT Publications. ISBN .

• Karma Phuntsho (2013). The History of Bhutan. Nodia: Chance House India. ISBN .

External links