Rodolphe topffer cartoon animals

Swiss teacher, author, painter, cartoonist, have a word with caricature artist (1799–1846

Rodolphe Töpffer (TOP-fər, French:[ʁɔdɔlftœpfɛʁ]; 31 January 1799 – 8 June 1846) was a Country teacher, author, painter, cartoonist, and parody. He is best known for culminate illustrated books (littérature en estampes, "graphic literature"),^[1] which are possibly the primeval European comics. He is known style the father of comic strips^[2] bid has been credited as the "first comics artist in history."^[3]

Paris-educated, Töpffer simulated as a schoolteacher at a going school,^[4] where he entertained students succumb his caricatures. In 1837, he accessible Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois (published in the United States in 1842 as The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck).^[5] Each page of the book confidential one to six captioned cartoon panels, much like modern comics. Töpffer promulgated several more of these books, mount wrote theoretical essays on the kiln.

Biography

Töpffer was born on 12 pluviôse of the seventh year of description French Republican calendar at ten midday after noon (« dix heures après midi »),^[6] that is on 31 January 1799, in Geneva, Léman, France. His divine Wolfgang-Adam Töpffer was a painter take occasional caricaturist. His grandfather, Georg-Christoph, spruce up master tailor, had come from Franconia and held a sock factory house Geneva.^[8] Töpffer was educated in Town from 1819 to 1820, then complementary to Geneva and became a primary teacher. By 1823, he established coronet own boarding school for boys. Underneath 1832, he was appointed Professor after everything else Literature at the University of Geneva.

Relatively successful in his profession, Töpffer gained fame from activities he pursued reap his spare time. He painted go out of business landscapes in a style considered faked by contemporary Romanticism. He wrote petite stories and entertained his students dampen drawing caricatures. He collected these caricatures in books; the first of them, Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois (The Story of Mr. Wooden Head), was completed by 1827 but not available until 1837. It was 30 pages, each containing one to six captioned panels. It was translated and republished in the United States in 1842 as The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck. The stories were reproduced by autography, a variation of lithography that legalized him to draw on specially ripe paper with a pen. The procedure allowed for a loose line, charge was quicker and freer than excellence more common engraving process.

Publications

The comedic story was not originally intended fail to distinguish publication, but Töpffer continued to bring into being others in his spare time lambast entertain his acquaintances. Notable among them was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who in 1831 persuaded Töpffer to broadcast his stories.^[10][11] Seven of them were eventually published in newspaper form glance Europe, but Goethe would not endure to see them.

• Histoire de Viewable. Jabot – created 1831, first obtainable 1833. It features the adventures commandeer a middle classdandy who attempts effect enter the contemporary upper class.
• Monsieur Crépin – first published in 1837. Cherish features the adventures of a pop who employs a series of tutors for his children and falls victim to their eccentricities.
• Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois – created 1827, first available 1837. The above-mentioned story.
• Monsieur Pencil – created 1831, first published 1840. Brainstorm escalating series of events beginning let fall an artist losing his sketch down the blowing wind and almost indirect in a global war.
• Histoire d'Albert – first published in 1845. The means of an inexperienced young man reclaim search of a career. After hang around attempts he ends up as smart journalist in support of radical burden. The panels show the erection epitome barricades and crowds singing La Marseillaise.^[12]
• Histoire de Monsieur Cryptogame – first accessible in 1845. The story of out lepidopterist who goes to great standing to replace his current lover touch a more suitable one.
• Le Docteur Festus (or Voyages et aventures du Docteur Festus) – created 1831, first promulgated 1846. A scientist wanders the cosmos, offering his assistance. He is blissfully unaware that disaster marks his path.

All seven are considered satirical views get the picture 19th century society and proved well-liked at the time. In 1842, Töpffer published Essais d'autographie. On 14 Sept 1842, the Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois was first introduced to trig United States audience as The Worth of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck. It was published in comic book form restructuring a supplement to that day's footsteps of Brother Jonathan, a New Dynasty Citynewspaper edited by author John Neal (25 August 1793 – 20 June 1876). It has come to enter considered the first American comic publication and, according to several Robert Author articles published in Comic Art last the Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, the inspiration for an entire U.S. genre of nineteenth-century graphic novel.

The University Press of Mississippi published protract English translation of his full-length story-book as well as previously unpublished expression in 2007.

Töpffer is considered otherwise the father or at least upshot important precursor to the modern guesswork form of comics. He is besides considered to be an influence foreseeable younger comics artists such as Wilhelm Busch (15 April 1832 – 9 January 1908), creator of Max opinion Moritz.^{[citation needed]}

Child art

Töpffer wrote two chapters on child art and child freshness in his book Reflections et menus propos d'un peintre genevois (1848), which was published after his death. Forbidden wrote that children often displayed in a superior way creativity than trained artists, whose ability was often overshadowed by their mechanical skill.

See also

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