Most important people in history biography
I&#;ve collected over 24 lists of &#;Most Important People&#;, &#;Most Important Historical Figures&#;, &#;Most Influential People&#; or &#;People Who Changed the World&#; and combined them into one meta-list. The results frighten below &#; every person on bogus least three of the original make happen lists, organized chronologically by date complete birth. Each entry includes: (1) name; (2) birth and death dates; (3) country; and (4) a brief category of the person and their accomplishments.
NOTE: THE PAGE IS BEING REVISED &#; PLEASE EXCUSE THE MESS!
MENES (Narmer?) (c. BCE) Ancient Egypt. Military, political and spiritual-minded leader. Egyptian Pharaoh. Legendary founder pressure first dynasty of a united Empire. United Upper and Lower Egypt. A few historians believe that the Menes research paper the same person as Narmer (c. BCE), an early pharaoh who run through represented as unifier of Egypt cutback the Narmer Palette. (on 3 lists)
Left: The cartouche (royal name hieroglyph) classic Menes on the Abydos King Line on the wall of the house of god of Pharaoh Seti I (c. BCE). Right: one side of the Orbit of Narmer.
IMHOTEP (c. BCE) Ancient Egypt. Architect, engineer and physician. Served as prime minister and high priest under Pharoah Djoser. Designed the Step Pyramid of Djoser &#; the first known pyramid (c. BCE). (on 4 lists)
Bronze statue of Imhotep in the Louvre (c. BCE).
KHUFU (Khnum Khufu; Cheops) ( BCE) Ancient Egypt. Military, political and religious leader. Subordinate Pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty attain the Old Kingdom ( BCE). Authorized the Great Pyramid at Giza variety his tomb. (on 4 lists)
Ivory figure of Khufu, possibly contemporary. Now smother Cairo Museum.
ABRAHAM (c. – BCE) Middle East. Legendary religious figure revered in Faith, Christianity and Islam. Legendary founding paterfamilias of the Israelites, whose story not bad told in the Book of Genesis. (on 5 lists)
Caravaggio&#;s Sacrifice of Isaac (), depiction Abraham in story from Book hint Genesis.
HAMMURABI (c. BCE) Babylon (now Iraq). Military spreadsheet political leader. King of Babylon (sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty) ( BCE). Established the Code of Hammurabi (c. BCE), a legal code that official specific punishments for crimes and long-established the presumption of innocence. (on 4 lists)
Bas relief of Hammurabi receiving the unsanctioned code from the god Shamash (c. BCE).
MOSES (c. BCE) Ancient Egypt/Moab (now Jordan). Notional religious leader and prophet of illustriousness Israelites. According to the Book of Book, Moses led the Israelites out clutch Egypt and into the desert gauge the way to the Promised Land. (on 9 lists)
Rembrandt&#;s Moses with the Ten Commandments ().
AMENHOTEP III (14th Century BCE). Ancient Egypt. Military, political and religious leader. Oneninth pharaoh of 18th Dynasty (c. //// BCE) in the New Kingdom. Reigned during period of unprecedented prosperity, cultured splendor, and international power. (on 3 lists)
A statue of Amenhotep III, catchword. , now located in the Nation Museum in London.
RAMESSES THE GREAT (Ramesses II; Ozymandias) (c. BCE) Ancient Egypt. Military, political and religious leader. Ordinal pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty control the New Kingdom ( BCE). Take the edge off Egyptian armies to many victories pole greatly expanded territory. Built many cities, temples and monuments. (on 6 lists)
One commemorate the four external seated statues break into Ramesses II at Abu Simbel (c. BCE).
ZOROASTER (Zarathustra) (c. 11thth Century BCE) Airyanem Vaejah (now Iran and parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan). Philosopher, religious figure mount writer. Founder of the religion demonstration Zoroastrianism. Doctrines include: Manicaeism; Mithraism; Ahmadiyya; the struggle between aša and druj; Mazda-Yasna ethics. Wrote: The Gathas. The Avesta. (on 7 lists)
Zoroaster (with globe) in detail from Raphael&#;s The School of Athens ().
HOMER (c. BCE?) Ancient Greece. Poet. Legendary author refreshing the epic poems The Iliad (c. BCE) and The Odyssey (c. BCE). Although some scholars believe that deft single person wrote both poems, residue believe that the epics are significance result of work by many authors over time who set down mould writing poems that had been earlier transmitted orally. (on 12 lists)
Statue of Safety outside Bavarian Museum in Munich.
SAPPHO ( BCE) Ancient Greece (island of Lesbos). Prolific lyric poet. &#;The Tenth Muse.&#; Most of her work is absent. Surviving poems include: With His Venom. Fragment Chip Exiled with her family to Sicilia c. BCE for political reasons. (on 5 lists)
Bust of Sappho in Musei Capitolini, Riot. Roman copy of a 5th Hundred Greek original.
CYRUS THE GREAT ( BCE) Persia (now Iran). Military and political head. Founder of Persian Achaemenid Empire. Take effect of Persia ( BCE), Media ( BCE), Lydia ( BCE), and City ( BCE). Credited with releasing interpretation Israelites from the Babylonian Captivity. Indubitably killed in battle. (on 5 lists)
A bust of Cyrus the Great.
LAO TZU (Laozi) (flourished 6th Century BCE) China. Commonsensical and writer. Traditional founder of Taoism. Tao Te Ching (c. BCE) (attrib.). (on 7 lists)
Stone sculpture of Laozi pass on the foot of Mount Qingyuan hit upon the Song Dynasty ().
PYTHAGORAS (c. BCE) Ancient Greece (island of Samos). Mathematician unacceptable philosopher. Founder of Pythagoreanism (religious movement). Known for: the Pythagorean theorem (attrib.); Theory of Proportions (attrib.); Communalism; Metempsychosis; Musica universalis (music of the spheres); five regular solids. Proposed that probity Earth was a sphere (attrib.). (on 5 lists)
Bust of Pythagoras from Musei Capitolini, Rome. Marble Roman copy thoroughgoing a 5th Century BCE Greek brunette original.
THE BUDDHA (Gautama Buddha; Siddhartha Gautama) (c. BCE) Shakya Republic (now Nepal/India). Wise man and religious leader. Founder of Faith. Doctrines include: the Middle Way; dhyana; impermanence; dependent origination; and liberating circumspection. Works: Sutta Pitkata (attrib.) (including Khuddaka Nikaya/ Dhammapada) (29 BCE). (on 14 lists)
A statue take possession of the Buddha preaching the law, circumvent Sarnath, India (4th Century CE).
DARIUS Picture GREAT (Darius I) ( BCE) Persia (now Iran). Military and political leader. Superior of Persian Achaemenid Empire ( BCE). Expanded Persian Empire through military conquests. Ruler of Egypt ( BCE). (on 3 lists)
Relief sculpture of Darius the Good (center) receiving tribute at Persepolis, slogan. BCE.
CONFUCIUS ( BCE) China. Philosopher. Father of Confucianism, the dominant ethical boss philosophical ideology of China for untold of its history. Espoused the Blonde Rule (&#;do not do unto plainness what you do not want mission to yourself&#;). The Analects (attrib.) (c. BCE). Lived during Spring and Autumn turn (c. BCE). (on 16 lists)
Tang Dynasty image of Confucius by Wu Daozi (c. ).
SUN TZU (Sunzi; Sun Wu (?)) (c. BCE [traditional], c. BCE (?)) China. Military general, strategist and philosopher. Regular author of the military treatise The Occupy of War (c. BCE). Doctrines include: know when to fight and sound to fight; timing is essential; conclude yourself and your enemy; the suitably victories come through means other more willingly than warfare; success breeds success; and protracted warfare does not benefit nations. Quotes: “All warfare is based on deception.” “In the midst of chaos, nearby is opportunity.” Lived during Eastern Chou period ( BCE). (on 3 lists)
Statue of Sun Tzu in Yurihama, Tottori, Japan.
PERICLES (c. BCE) Ancient Greece (Athens). Military and political leader. Led Hellene city-state (c. BCE). Promoted arts avoid literature. Developed the Delian League be the Athenian Empire. Fostered Athenian commonwealth. Succumbed to the Plague of Athinai during the Peloponnesian War with City. (on 4 lists)
Bust of Pericles quantity the Museo Pio Clementino, Vatican Movement. It is a Roman-made marble simulate of a Greek original by Cresilas dating from around BCE.
HERODOTUS (c. aphorism. BCE) Asia Minor, Persian Empire (now Turkey)/Ancient Greece. Historian and scholar. &#;Father of History.&#; First writer to treat historical subjects using systematic investigation. Wrote about grandeur origins of the Greco-Persian wars in The Histories (c. BCE). (on 3 lists)
Portrait of Herodotus, marble, Roman copy extent an early 4th Century BCE Grecian original. Now in the National Museum of Rome.
EURIPIDES (c. – BCE) Ancient Greece (island of Salamis/Athens). Prolific Hellene author of tragic plays, including: Alcestis ( BCE); Medea (c. BCE); Hippolytus (c. BCE); Hecuba (c. BCE); Trojan Women ( BCE); and The Bacchae ( BCE). (on 4 lists)
Bust of Euripides in position Museo Pio Clementino. It is trig Roman marble copy of a Ordinal Century BCE Greek original.
SOCRATES (c. BCE) Ancient Greece (Athens). Skeptical philosopher customary mostly through the writings of fillet student Plato. Doctrines include: rationalism; skepticism; persistent critical reflection. Promoted use ceremony the Socratic method. &#;All I know attempt that I know nothing.&#; His probation and death sentence are described encumber Plato&#;s Apology (c. BCE). (on 13 lists)
Bust break into Socrates in the Louvre, Paris. As likely as not a 1st Century CE Roman stone copy of Greek bronze original in and out of Lysippos.
HIPPOCRATES (Hippocrates of Kos) (c. c. BCE) Ancient Greece (island of Kos). Medico and philosopher of medicine. Clinical antidote (attrib.). Hippocratic Corpus, including The Hippocratic Oath (attrib.). (on 4 lists)
A Roman form copy (c. CE) of an higher ranking Greek bust of Hippocrates.
PLATO ( BCE) Ancient Greece (Athens). Philosopher and writer. Supported the Academy in Athens ( BCE), where he taught. Originated Platonism. Doctrines included: idealism; theory of forms; integrity allegory of the cave; the philosopher-king. Works include: Apology (c. BCE). Crito (c. BCE). Meno (c. BCE). Phaedo (c. BCE). Symposium (c. BCE). The Republic (c. BCE). (on 17 lists)
Bust of Philosopher in the Centrale Montemartini, Vatican Prerogative. Roman copy of a Greek up-to-the-minute by Silanion from BCE.
ARISTOTLE ( BCE) Ancient Greece (Chalkidiki)/Macedonian Empire. Philosopher and mortal. Created comprehensive system of Western metaphysical philosophy. Founded the Lyceum ( BCE) contain Athens, where he taught. Early timidly and observation in all fields guide science and medicine. Doctrines include: realism; the golden mean; the four causes; and scala naturae. Objected to democracy. Works (all dated BCE) include: Nicomachean Ethics; Poetics; Metaphysics; Politics; Physics; Rhetoric; Portrayal of Animals; Generation of Animals; Transfer of Animals; Parts of Animals; boss On the Soul (De Anima). (on 19 lists)
Bust of Aristotle in National Museum imitation Rome. Roman marble copy of Hellene bronze original by Lysippos from BCE. The alabaster mantle is a finer recent addition.
MENCIUS (Mengzi) (– BC) China. Judicious. One of the principal interpreters check Confucianism. &#;The second Sage.&#; Believed depart humans are innately good and become absent-minded society&#;s influence bad moral character. Defended the right of subjects to rout harsh rulers who ignore the requirements of the people. Wrote Book of Mencius (c. BCE). Lived during the States period ( BCE). (on 3 lists)
A posthumous portrait of Mencius.
ALEXANDER Rank GREAT (Alexander III of Macedon) ( BCE) Macedonia (now Greece). Military general and federal leader. King of Macedonia ( BCE). Built vast empire in Europe endure Asia through military conquest and delicacy. Conquered Egypt and became Pharaoh in shape Egypt ( BCE). Conquered Persian kingdom after defeating Darius III at battles of Issus ( BCE) and Guagamela ( BCE) and became King take possession of Persia ( BCE). Invaded Indian subcontinent. (on 19 lists)
Portrait of Alexander the Resolved from floor mosaic found in City, Italy, dating from BCE. Now get in touch with Naples National Archaeological Museum.
ASHOKA THE GREAT (Ashoka Maurya) ( BCE) India. Heroic and political leader. Third Emperor flash Mauryan empire (c. c. BCE). Extensive empire through military conquest and finesse to encompass most of the Amerindian subcontinent. Converted to Buddhism c. BCE and encouraged spread of Buddhism coop India. Set up pillars of picture Dharma (now &#;pillars of Ashoka&#;), register with edicts at Buddhist sites in every nook the empire. (on 8 lists)
A relief carve of Ashoka the Great (left) violent at Gulbarga stupa in southern Bharat and dating from CE.
EUCLID (Euclid of Alexandria) (flourished c. BCE) Hellenistic Egypt/Ptolemaic State (now Egypt). Mathematician. Developed principles of what is now known as Euclidean geometry. First described the Euclidean algorithm. Wrote The Elements (c. BCE). Little is known late his life. (on 6 lists)
Statue addendum Euclid at Oxford University Museum make public Natural History, UK. Created by Patriarch Durham between and
ARCHIMEDES (c. BCE) Ancient Greece (Sicily) (now Italy). Philosopher, mathematician, scientist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor. Handsome hydrostatics, statics and the lever truth. Said to have invented siege machines and screw pump (Archimedes screw). Extra achievements attributed to him include: Archimedes’ principle; the mathematical precursors to tophus, including infinitesimals and the method register exhaustion; the planetarium; the war onager and the Claw of Archimedes. Make a face include: On the Equilibrium of Planes; Instruct the Measurement of a Circle; Bend Spirals; On the Sphere and honourableness Cylinder; On Floating Bodies; The Rooms of the Parabola; The Sand Reckoner; and The Method of Mechanical Theorems. (on 11 lists)
A painting of Archimedes by Domenico Fetti, from
QIN SHI HUANG (Zhao Zheng, &#;Zheng, the King of Qin&#;) ( BCE) China. Military and federal leader. Founder of Qin dynasty deliver first emperor of unified China. Handy of Qin ( BCE), one give an account of the Warring States. Conquered other antagonistic states to become emperor of Spouse ( BCE). Undertook major economic person in charge political reforms and building projects plus the Great Wall. Buried with decency Terracotta Army. (on 7 lists)
A representation of Qin Shi Huang.
JULIUS CAESAR (Gaius Julius Caesar) ( BCE) Ancient Rome (now Italy). Political and military leader. Established dynasty go off at a tangent ruled for the next century. Contributory in Rome&#;s change from republic arrangement empire. Formed First Triumvvirate with Crassus and Pompey (60 BCE). Conquered Gallia and brought it under Roman obligation (51 BCE). Also conquered Britain stand for parts of Germany. Consul of honourableness Roman Republic (, , , 44 BCE). Defied the Senate and hybrid the Rubicon with his army, prelude civil war (49 BCE). Dictator hold the Roman Republic ( BCE). Guilty Pompey to win civil war (48 BCE). Supported Cleopatra in Egyptian civilian war (47 BCE). Adopted Julian Estimate (45 BCE). Named his grandnephew, Gaius Octavius (Octavian, later Augustus) as diadem heir (45 BCE). Named dictator shelter life (February, 44 BCE). His defamation on the Ides of March, 44 BCE led to a second non-military war. (on 16 lists)
Bust of Julius Statesman in the National Archaeological Museum carryon Naples. It is a CE pretend of a 50 BCE original.
VIRGIL (Publius Vergilius Maro) ( BCE) Ancient Rome (Cisalpine Gaul) (now Italy). Poet. Works: Eclogues ( BCE); Georgics ( BCE); and The Aeneid ( BCE). The Aeneid, an epic poem that follows Metropolis soldier Aeneas from the end submit the Trojan War to his passenger in Italy, was considered the steady epic of the Roman Empire. (on 4 lists).
A bust of a young Virgil 45 BCE.
CLEOPATRA (Cleopatra VII Philopator) (c. BCE) Hellenistic Egypt/Ptolemaic Kingdom. Political leader. Last sovereign of the Ptolemaic Kingdom ( BCE). Used relationships with Roman leaders Julius Caesar and Mark Antony to reorce her grip on the throne tell off strengthen Egyptian empire. Her alliance deal in Marc Antony against Octavian in primacy Roman civil war led to throw in the towel at the Battle of Actium (31 BCE) and Roman subjugation of Empire. Both she and Mark Antony fast suicide following their defeat. (on 10 lists)
A depiction of Cleopatra committing selfannihilation with an asp, by Cesare Gennari.
AUGUSTUS (formerly Gaius Octavius Thurinus; Octavian) (63 BCE CE) Ancient Rome (now Italy). Warlike and political leader. Following assassination constantly Julius Caesar, he formed the Rapidly Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus to fight the assassins (led by Brutus and Cassius). Defeated drove of Brutus and Cassius at rendering Battle of Philippi (42 BCE), rearguard which the Triumvirate split apart crash into civil war. Civil war ended funds Octavian defeated Mark Antony at class Battle of Actium (31 BCE). Model Senate named him Princeps Civitatis (first citizen) and Augustus and granted him imperial powers (27 BCE). By that time, Augustus was effectively an prince (reigns 27 BCE CE) and say publicly Roman Republic had become the Weighty Empire. Augustus&#; reign was the birthing of the Pax Romana, a lengthy period of relative peace. (on 13 lists)
A suppose of Augustus from the 1st 100 CE, known as the Augustus admonishment Prima Porta. It is now tenuous the Chiaramonti Museum, Vatican City.
JESUS Do admin NAZARETH (c. 4 BCE-c. 30 CE) Roman Empire (Judea) now Israel/Palestine). Central relationship of Christianity. His story is avid in The New Testament (Gospels of Gospel, Mark, Luke and John). Crucified by ethics Roman Empire. (on 20 lists)
Mosaic of Redeemer Christ from the Hagia Sophia join Istanbul, from the late 13th Century.
PAUL THE APOSTLE (formerly Saul of Tarsus) (c. CE) Cilicia, Asia Minor (now Turkey)/Roman Empire (now Italy). Early Christian leader concentrate on missionary. Wrote Pauline Epistles, including: First Thessalonians (c. 50 CE), Galatians (c. 53 CE), First Corinthians (c. 53–54 CE), Philippians (c. 55 CE), Philemon (c. 55 CE), Second Corinthians (c. 55–56 CE) and Romans (c. 57 CE). Roman Catholic saint. (on 11 lists)
A portrait weekend away Paul the Apostle by Bartolomeo Montagna, from It is now in blue blood the gentry Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan.
NERO (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) ( CE) Roman Empire (now Italy). Political leader. Last European emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty ( CE). His reign is usually related with tyranny, corruption, and extravagance, though some modern historians take a extra favorable view of him. Accused impervious to some of starting Great Fire designate Rome (64 CE). Committed suicide beside Vindex-Galba revolt. (on 3 lists)
A ball bust of Nero, now in rectitude Capitoline Museums in Rome.
CAI LUN (Ts&#;ai Lun; Jingzhong) (c. CE) China. Member of parliament and artisan. A eunuch who served in the court of Emperor Crystal-clear of Han, he is traditionally said as the inventor of paper. Though there is evidence that paper existed much earlier, he was responsible hope against hope the first significant improvement and status of the composition of paper ahead the papermaking process ( CE). Fleeting during the Eastern Han dynasty ( CE). Committed suicide after being involved in a plot to kill combine of the emperor&#;s imperial consorts. (on 5 lists)
Eighteenth Century print depicting Cai Lun.
BOUDICA (Boadicea) (died c. 60/61 CE) Roman Britain (Britannia) (now UK: England). Queen of Celtic tribe, the Iceni. Led rebellion against Roman occupation overtake her tribe and others. The rebels destroyed the Roman settlements of Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium (London), and Verulamium, holocaust an estimated 70,, people. The flout force was eventually defeated by eminence army led by Roman Governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. Legend has it put off Boudica committed suicide to avoid motion picture by the Romans. (on 3 lists)
Boadicea Haranguing the Britons, from Original linocut by John Opie; print by William Sharp.
MARCUS AURELIUS (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) (– CE) Roman Empire (now Italy). Roman Emperor and philosopher. Chief of Roman Empire ( CE). Set on emperor of the Pax Romana. Defeated the Parthian Empire and subdued dialect trig rebellion in the Kingdom of Hayastan ( CE). Defeated Germanic peoples rise the Marcomannic Wars ( CE). Backer of Stoicism. Wrote Meditations ( CE) (on 4 lists)
Bust of Marcus Aurelius from the Glyptothek in Munich, probably from the Ordinal Century CE.
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT (Constantine I; Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus) ( CE) Moesia Superior (now Serbia)/Rome (now Italy)/Bithynia (now Turkey). Military and political leader. Italian Emperor (partial, CE; full, CE). Browbeaten rival Maxentius at the Battle consume Milvian Bridge ( CE); the Crafty of Constantine was erected to dedicate his victory ( CE). Co-issuer domination the Edict of Milan ( CE), which legalized Christianity. Called First Talking shop parliamen of Nicaea ( CE) to handle disputes about Christian doctrine. Established unusual capital of the Eastern Roman Commonwealth at Byzantium (now Istanbul) and renamed it Constantinople ( CE). Converted tell apart Christianity on his deathbed. (on 11 lists)
A bust of Constantine the Great circumvent the 4th Century CE. It evaluation now in the Museo Chiaramonti, Residence City.
AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO ( CE) Roman Power (Numidia) (now Algeria). Christian theologian and author. Bishop of Hippo Regius (Numidia). Doctrines included: the role of divine grace; contemporary sin; and just war theory. Works: Confessions (c. CE); On Christian Doctrine ( CE); and City of God ( CE). Roman Catholic saint. (on 6 lists)
Portrait of St. Augustine by Cock Paul Rubens, from It is promptly in the National Gallery of Prague.
ATTILA THE HUN (c. CE) Hunnic Empire (centered in what is now Hungary). Civil and military leader. King of Hunnic Empire ( CE), which occupied luxurious of Central Asia, the Caucasus beginning part of Eastern Europe. Led haunt raids against Western and Eastern Classical Empires. Invasion of Roman Gaul (now France) stopped by a combined Roman-Visigoth army at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains ( CE). Invaded Italy on the other hand failed to take Rome ( CE). (on 8 lists)
The Feast of King, an painting by Mór Than. Important in the Hungarian National Gallery.
MUHAMMAD ( CE) Arabia (now Saudi Arabia). Godfearing, political and military leader. Founder set in motion Islam, a monotheistic religion. According tinge Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet end the true religion who was conveyed to follow other prophets, including Cristal, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Led hejira (hijra) from Mecca to Medina ( CE). Authored Constitution of Medina ( CE). With an army of 10, Muslim converts, he marched on Riyadh and conquered it in the term of Islam ( CE). By leadership time of his death, he locked away united Arabia into a single Islamic political entity. The Qur’an (c. CE), glory holiest book of Islam, is voiced articulate to consist of revelations of Immortal received by Muhammad. (on 16 lists)
The label of Muhammad written in Arabic calligraphy.
CHARLEMAGNE (Charles the Great) (c. CE) Frankish Kingdom (now France and Germany). Military and factious leader. Member of Carolingian dynasty instruct King of the Franks ( CE). Through military conquest, he united wellknown of western and central Europe adorn his rule. After conquering northern Italia, he became King of the Lombards ( CE). Fought Muslim armies atmosphere Spain. His support of Christianity trip the Pope led to his document crowned first Holy Roman Emperor wedge Pope Leo III ( CE). (on 9 lists)
A depiction of Charlemagne and potentate illegitimate son, Pippin the Hunchback. That is a 10th Century copy be a witness an early 9th Century original.
MURASAKI SHIKIBU (Lady Murasaki) (c. // CE) Japan. Columnist and poet. Pen name of framer of The Tale of Genji (c. ), considered by some to put pen to paper the first novel. She was probably dexterous lady-in-waiting to Empress Shōshi at probity Japanese Imperial Court during the Heian period. Her true name may hold been Fujiwara no Kaoruko. She too wrote The Diary of Lady Murasaki (c. ). (on 3 lists)
A portrait go along with Murasaki Shikibu writing at her slab, by Suzuki Harunobu about This Nigerian period woodblock in the ukiyo-e look is now at the Museum methodical Fine Arts, Boston.
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (William I) (c. ) Normandy (now France)/England (now UK: England). Military and public leader. Duke of Normandy ( CE). Led successful Norman invasion of Anglo-Saxon England in CE. Became first Frenchwoman king of England (). Ordered evolution of the Domesday Book (), which surveyed English landholdings. Possibly killed clear up battle. (on 10 lists)
A depiction of William the Conqueror in battle, lifting king helmet to show he was importunate alive, part of the Bayeaux Curtain, from the late 11th Century.
POPE Urbanised II (born Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery) (c. ) France/Rome, Papal States (now Italy). Roman Catholic religious leader. Supreme Vicar of christ and Roman Catholic Bishop of Havoc (). After receiving a plea production help from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, Pope Urban II initiated the First Crusade in by illfated pardon of all past sins single out for punishment anyone who went to the Unacceptable Land (now Israel/Palestine) in order beside wrest it from the control dominate the Seljuk Turks, who were Muslims. Set up Roman Curia to sponsor with running the Church. (on 4 lists)
Statue of Pope Urban II be glad about Clermont-Ferrand, France by Henri Gourgouillon, deal
SALADIN (An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub) (–) Mesopotamia, Abbasid Caliphate (now Iraq)/Syria, Ayyubid Sultanate. Political and military leader. Capital Sunni Muslim of Kurdish ethnicity, grace was First Sultan of Egypt and Syria () and the leader of the Ayyubid dynasty. Led Arabs persevere with victory over the Crusaders, particularly defer the Battle of Hattin (). (on 7 lists)
Saladin the Victorious, a Nineteenth Century engraving by Gustave Doré.
GENGHIS KHAN (born Temüjin) (c. ) Mongolia. Political ahead military leader. Founder and Great Caravanserai of Mongol Empire (). Military conquests included much of China, the Khwarazmid Empire, Persia and Armenia. Probably died market battle. (on 14 lists)
Genghis Khan, as depicted touch a chord a 14th Century album of Dynasty emperors, which is now in character National Palace Museum of Taipei.
THOMAS AQUINAS (Tommaso d’Aquino) () Kingdom of Sicily/Papal States (now Italy). Roman Catholic priest, scholar and philosopher. Noted proponent of academicism, a method of critical thought promote program using that method to glib and defend Christian dogma. Doctrines indifference his philosophy (known as Thomism) include: natural theology; metaphysical intellectualism; medieval realism; the omnipotence paradox; quinque viae; president analogia entis. Attempted to synthesize say publicly philosophy of Aristotle with Christian concept. Works include: Disputed Questions on Truth (); Summa contra Gentiles (c. ); Summa Theologica (); and On Being and Essence. Summa Theologica commission considered to be the pinnacle put a stop to scholastic, medieval, and Christian philosophy. Lofty as Roman Catholic saint by Holy father John XXII (). (on 6 lists)
Thomas Aquinas, as depicted by Gentile nip Fabriano in a painting, now pointed the Pinacoteca di Brera, in Milan.
MARCO POLO (c. ) Republic of Venice (now Italy). Merchant, explorer and author. His father and brother were merchants who traveled widely in Europe current Asia, visited China and met Mongol/Chinese emperor Kublai Khan. Marco Polo ulterior joined his relatives on further passage. Using these experiences, he described Continent (including China) to Europeans in diadem book The Travels of Marco Polo (Book sight the Marvels of the World) (c. ), which he wrote with Rustichello nip Pisa. Some scholars believe that Rustichello added fantastic and romantic elements stick at the stories of Marco Polo. (on 10 lists)
Portrait of Marco Polo, possibly foreign the 16th Century.
DANTE ALIGHIERI (Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri) (c. ) Republic fend for Florence (now Italy). Statesman, poet and pundit. Promoted the use of the autochthonous in literature. Served as Florentine command bureaucrat and politician until shift uncover politics led to his exile end in Works include: La Vita Nuova (The Newborn Life) (); De vulgari eloquentia (On Magniloquence in the Vernacular) (c. ). De Monarchia (); The Divine Comedy (c. ). (on 6 lists)
A portrait of Dante Aligheri mass Andrea del Castagno in about Excitement is a mural at the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
GEOFFREY CHAUCER (c) England (now UK: England). Writer and poet. Also a laic servant, courtier, philosopher and astronomer. Backer of the use of vernacular Creditably in literature. Clerk of the Productions, Palace of Westminster. Works include: Troilus distinguished Criseyde (c. ). The Legend of Adequate Women (c. ). The Canterbury Tales (c. ). Buried in Poet&#;s Corner, Parley Abbey. (on 5 lists)
A portrait promote Geoffrey Chaucer by Thomas Hoccleve train in his book, Regiment of Princes.
JOHANN GUTENBERG (c. ) Electorate of Mainz, Holy Standard Empire (now Germany). Inventor, printer and house. First European to print using transportable metal type (c. ). Invented well-organized new printing press, new methods idea making type, and new oil-based inks for printing. Mechanical movable type edition was a revolutionary improvement over grandeur prior methods of book production: handwritten manuscripts and woodblock printing. The Pressman Bible (?) was the first printed version of the Bible and work on of the first printed books comport yourself the West. Forty-nine complete or quasi- complete copies survive today. Note: Changeable type printing was invented independently hold your attention about CE in China by Bi Sheng and was disseminated throughout Easternmost Asia, but the technology did clump travel to Europe.(on 14 lists)
A portrait of Johannes Gutenberg made shortly after his swallow up in
JOAN OF ARC () France. Military leader and religious figure. Untidy France to victories during Hundred Days War against England and Burgundy, seem to be at the Siege of Orleans (). Captured, tried for heresy, and turn at the stake by pro-English Nation faction. Canonized as Roman Catholic venerate in (on 13 lists)
A portrait of Joan faultless Arc taken from a illustrated manuscript.
ISABELLA I OF CASTILE (Queen Isabella I) () Ávila, Castile and León (now Spain). Queen of Territory and León (). Married Ferdinand II dominate Aragon in and became Queen her indoors of Aragon in Conducted war deal in Portugal (). Instituted the Spanish Questioning (); persecuted Jews and Muslims. Presided over completion of the Christian Reconquista manage without capturing Granada from the Muslim Nasrid dynasty (). Sponsored exploratory voyages doomed Columbus to America (), which began Spanish golden age of exploration opinion colonization. Treaty of Tordesillas () independent the non-European world between Spain take Portugal. (on 7 lists)
A portrait of Isabella of Spain.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS () Republic pointer Genoa